An actor killed president abraham lincoln замените действительный залог на страдательный
Добавил пользователь Morpheus Обновлено: 04.10.2024
Формы глагола в страдательном залоге.
В английской пассивной конструкции перед дополнением, обозначающим действующее лицо или предмет, стоят предлоги by или with . Дополнение с предлогом by выражает действующее лицо или предмет, а дополнение с предлогом with – орудие действия. Например:
The composition was written by this student.
Сочинение было написано этим студентом.
The cake was cut with a knife.
Торт был нарезан ножом.
Упражнения
Прочтите текст, найдите в данном тексте глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время данных глаголов. Преведите текст на русский язык.
An American Thomas Edison made the first machine with moving pictures in 1891. It was called a kinetoscope. Then in 1895 a machine that projected pictures on to a screen was built by two French brothers, August and Louis Lumiere. They called their machine a cinematographe. The pictures from this machine were shown one after the other very quickly.
The Lumiere brothers gave the world’s first film show in 1896, and in America the world’s first cinema was built in Pittsburgh in 1905.
In the beginning films were made to show news, but by 1902 filmmakers began to write stories for film and use actors. These films were very popular in America, and Hollywood became important in the film-making industry. The first “talkie” (film and sound) was shown in America in 1927. It was called “The Jazz Singer”.
Прочтите данные предложения, определите их видо-временную форму, переведите на русский язык.
1)These articles will be translated by us. 2) The criminal is being looked for. 3) The doctor is examining the patient. 4) He was examining a student when she came in. 5) The child is washed by mother. 6) Mary will invite us. 7) The flat has been cleaned by somebody. 8) This shop will have been opened by June.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Simple (Passive Voice).
1)His car (to steal) last night. 2) Cheese (to make) from milk. 3) The dog (to give) some food in ten minutes. 4) The telegram (to receive) last week. 5) He (to give) a lot of money last month. 6) All the students (to invite) to the party next week. 7) I (to allow) to go for a walk now. 8) This man (to arrest) last year. 9) My question (to answer) soon. 10) The article (to translate) in some days. 11) This newspaper (to sell) everywhere.
Замените действительный залог страдательным.
1)Many people attend the lectures. 2) Someone has eaten the cake. 3) He will leave the ticket on the table. 4) People speak English in many countries. 5) The gardener has planted some apple-trees. 6) His parents have bought him a new bicycle. 7) They will advertise the product on TV. 8) An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. 9) The Chinese invented paper. 10) The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American People. 11) Columbus discovered America. 12) They took books to the classroom. 13) They sent for a doctor. 14) Last night someone broke into the house. 15) They grow bananas in Africa.
Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы:
A lot of houses построено in Moscow and other towns.
When было написано this letter?
3) The letter было написано this morning.
4) Whom будет переведена this article into English?
The article переведена already.
This question обсуждался when we came in.
Where are the students? They экзаменуются now in the next room.
By the time they arrive the work закончена .
Поставьте глаголы (данные в скобках) в страдательном залоге. Переведите предложения.
1)I wanted to help but saw that the table (to lay) already. 2) I understood the rule after it (to explain) to me twice. 3) The door was locked. I hoped the key (to leave) under the door mat by my mother and so it was. 4) I was very angry that my name and address (to give) her. 5)We had better buy bread now. I don’t think we’ll be back before eight and the baker’s (to close) by that time.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Simple (Passive или Active).
Я попросил своего друга помочь мне.
Меня попросили помочь ему.
Учитель дал ученикам трудное задание.
Ученикам дали трудное задание.
Мы часто обсуждаем важные вопросы дома.
Важные вопросы мы обсуждаем дома.
Завтра он закончит эту работу.
Эта работа будет закончена завтра.
Она сказала нам правду.
Нам сказали правду.
Он вернет книгу вовремя.
Книга будет возвращена вовремя.
Эти дома построили два года назад.
Они встретят нас на вокзале.
Модальные глаголы
( The Modal Verbs)
Модальные глаголы обозначают отношение к действию, а не само действие и выступают в паре со смысловым глаголом.
Модальные глаголы называют недостаточными, так как они не имеют следующих глагольных форм и признаков:
-s в 3 л. ед. ч., наст. вр.;
временных форм, кроме Present Simple / Past Simple;
to после себя, кроме used to, ought to, have to, be to;
форм Future, которое передается эквивалентами.
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
| Глагол | Перевод | Present | Past | Future |
| Can | Умение, способ-ность, разрешение или просьба в вежливой форме. | You can do it. | You could do it. | You will be able to do it. |
| May | Разрешение, при not – запрещение, сомнение. | We may go. | We might go. | We will be allowed to go. |
| Must | Обязанность, долженствование, твердая необходимость. | We must do it. We need not do it. | We had to do it. We were not to come here. | We will have to do it. |
| Shall | Намерение, предположение. | I shall do it. | You should read it. | |
| Will | Желание, твердое намерение, уверенность в будущем. | I will go there. | I would go there. | |
| Ought to | Моральный долг, настоятельный совет, строгая рекомендация. | You ought to write this letter. | ||
| Need | Отсутствие необходимости, необязательность. | Need he work so late? We need not have hurried. | ||
| Dare | Сметь, посметь, ( в вопросе и отрицании: не сметь), дерзнуть, осмелиться. | How dare you speak to me? He dare not tell it to me. | ||
| Should | Обязанность (менее сильная, чем must), совет, рекомендация, упрек, сожаление. | He shouldn't smoke so much. You should not cut your hair. | ||
| Would | Желание, вежливая просьба. | Would you like to come again? | ||
| Have to | Вынужденность, обязанность. | I have to read this book. | I had to read this book yesterday. | I'll have to read this book tomorrow. |
| Be to | Долженствование в силу догово- ренности или пла- на. | I am to study English. | I was to study English. | I'll be to study English. |
Упражнения
An actor killed president abraham lincoln замените действительный залог на страдательный
Глагол употребляется в страдательном залоге, если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета.
Например:
The planets are attracted by the sun. – Планеты притягиваются солнцем.
“Poltava” was written by Pushkin in 1828. – «Полтава» была написана Пушкиным в 1828 году.
Passive Voice используется:
1) Когда исполнитель действия неизвестен, неважен или очевиден из контекста.
My ring was stolen yesterday. – Мое кольцо украли вчера . (исполнитель неизвестен)
The house repairs were completed last month. – Ремонт дома был завершен в прошлом месяце. (исполнитель неважен)
The thief was arrested. – Вора арестовали. (исполнитель очевиден)
2) Для того, чтобы сделать утверждения более вежливыми или формальными.
My new vase has been broken. - Мою новую вазу разбили. (Это звучит более вежливо, чем “He has broken my new vase”.)
3) Когда действие более важно, чем исполнитель, как , например, в статьях, объявлениях, заголовках., описании процессов, рекламе и т.д.
Smoking is not allowed. – Курить запрещено.
The local bank was robbed this morning. – Местный банк ограбили сегодня утром.
Potatoes are baked for about 20 minutes. – Картошка запекается около 20 минут.
4) Когда мы хотим выделить исполнителя.
St.Petersburg was founded by Peter I. – Санкт-Петербург был основан Петром I.
The article was written by a psychologist. – Статью написал психолог.
Будьте внимательны! В большинстве случаев нет необходимости упоминать исполнителя в пассивных предложениях. Не включайте исполнителя в предложении, если в этом нет необходимости.
Предлоги by, with используются для введения исполнителя действия:
By - исполнителем является одушевленное существительное (обычно человек), машина, устройство, агрегат и т. п., with - указывает инструмент , с помощью которого совершается действие.
This poem was written by Pushkin. – Это стихотворение написано Пушкиным.
This problem has been solved by a computer. – Задача решена компьютером. (с помощью компьютера).
The lecture is written with a pencil. – Лекция написана карандашом.
В страдательном залоге указанные ниже глаголы сохраняют после себя определенные предлоги:
to agree to/with - соглашаться с чем - то
to call for/on - зайти за кем - то
to count on - надеяться, рассчитывать на кого - то
to deal with - иметь дело с
to hear of - слышать о
to insist on/upon - настаивать на
to interfere with - вмешиваться в, мешать
to laugh at - смеяться над
to look after - ухаживать за
to look at - смотреть на
to put up with - примириться с
to refer to - ссылаться на
to rely on/upon - полагаться на
to send for - посылать за
to speak about/ of, to говорить о, с
to talk about - говорить о
to think of - думать о
to write about - писать о
to find fault with - придираться к
to make fun of - насмехаться над
to pay attention to - обращать внимание на
to take care of - заботиться о
Упражнение 1.
Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. Marmalade is made of oranges.
2. This town was built a century ago.
3. They were invited to a birthday party.
4. The fax has just been sent.
5. America was discovered long ago.
6. The book is still being published.
7. My neighbor’s car was stolen last night.
8. His winter boots were made in Germany.
9. The building was ruined by the earthquake.
10. Italian is spoken in Italy and on Malta.
Упражнение 2.
Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы.
1. A lot of houses построено in Moscow and other towns.
2.When было написано this letter?
3. The letter было написано this morning.
4. Whom будет переведена this article into English by?
5. The article переведена already.
6. This question обсуждался when we came in.
7. Where are the students? They экзаменуются now in the next room.
8. By the time they arrive the work закончена.
9. A huge plant in the town of N был построен recently.
10. The little boy смотрели with interest by the people.
11. I (to check up) my homework before she (to question) me.
Упражнение 3.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в пассивном залоге.
1. You (advise) to wear warm shoes in winter.
2. The time before bed (spend) very pleasantly.
3. Sniffer dogs (use) by police to detect drugs and explosives.
4. Huge pine trees (uproot) by the storm.
5. You (allow, not) to buy cigarettes if you are under sixteen.
6. Toyotas (manufacture) in Japan.
7. This road never (clean).
8. Gold (discover) in Eastern Canada.
9. When I saw him, he (chase) by a large dog.
10. Several towns (destroy) by the eruption of Vesuvius.
Упражнение 4.
Измените предложения по образцу.
Образец: A telephone call woke me up. – I was woken up by a telephone call.
1. My father built this cottage.
2. Beginners use that computer.
3. Somebody is opening the window now.
4. We sold the last French text -book.
5. People all over Russia watch the news.
6. The moonlight lit everything in the room.
7. Don’t worry, we shall settle your problems.
8. We have just sent for the doctor.
9. The Semyenovs don’t use this room very often.
10. Thomas Coryate brought forks from Italy to England.
11. He has just repaired his car.
12. Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person.
13. The secretary is still typing the letter.
14. Mum cut the meat and chopped it.
15. Snow covered everything.
16. The police have been looking for him for a month!
17. He described his new flat for me.
18. Our chief offered me a day- off.
19. He pointed out the mistake to me.
20. They don’t allow their children to go far from home.
Упражнение 5.
Замените действительный залог страдательным, обращая внимание на место предлога.
1. The senior students laughed at the freshman.
2. The group spoke tom the dean yesterday.
3. Young mothers looked after their babies with great care.
4. Nobody lived in that old house.
5. We thought about our friend all the time.
6. The doctor will operate on him in a week.
7. The teacher sent for the pupils parents.
8. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.
9. Nobody slept in the bed.
10. The neighbor asked for the telegram.
Упражнение 6.
Переведите на английский язык.
1. Над ним смеялись, когда он сказал это.
2. На них смотрели с большим интересом.
3. За ними уже послали?
4. На эту статью часто ссылаются.
5. Об этой книге много говорят.
6. На него можно положиться.
7. Я уверен, что его будут слушать с большим вниманием.
8. Когда лодка пропала из вида, мы пошли домой.
9. Я думаю, их спору не будет конца.
10. Этот музей посещают очень часто.
Упражнение 7.
Замените действительный залог страдательным.
А) 1. Many people attend the lecture. 2. Someone has eaten the cake. 3. He will leave the ticket on the table. 4. They were discussing the report the whole evening. 5. People speak English in many countries. 6. Snow will cover the fields in winter. 7. Everyone can see the film soon. 8. The gardener has planted some apple –trees. 9. His parents have bought him a new bicycle. 10. They will advertise the product on TV.
В) 1. An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. 2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone. 3. The Chinese invented paper. 4. They invented photography. 5. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people. 6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal mausoleum for his wife who died in 1631. 7. They make Volkswagen cars in Germany. 8. Columbus discovered America. 9. Fleming discovered penicillin. 10. They talked much about that problem.
Упражнение 8.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Вся домашняя работа сделана: ошибки исправлены, новые слова выучены, предложения переведены, сочинение написано.
2. Тихо! Не шумите! Она сейчас дает интервью.
3. Радио «Европа-плюс» слушают во всей России.
4. Это вкусное блюдо было приготовлено итальянским поваром.
5. Многие современные лекарства делают из растений.
6. Музыка к опере «Женитьба Фигаро» была написана Моцартом.
7. Результаты экзаменов будут объявлены завтра утром.
8. Не прикасайся к забору. Его только что покрасили.
9. Все деревья и цветы в этом саду посажены мною.
10. Ошибка была сделана очень давно, а исправлена только сейчас.
Упражнение 9.
Дайте правильный ответ на следующие вопросы, используя подсказки.
1. Was “Mona Lisa” painted by Picasso?
2. Was Mickey Mouse created by Warners?
3. Was the song “Imagine” written by Elvis Presley?
4. Was the film “Titanic” directed by Alfred Hitchcock?
5. Was “Romeo and Juliet” written by Agatha Christie?
6. Was the Parthenon built by the ancient Romans?
7. Was the telephone invented by Siemens?
8. Was America discovered by Marco Polo?
9. Was “The Moonlight Sonata” composed by Tchaikovsky? 10. Were the pyramids built in China?
Leonardo da Vinci, the ancient Egyptians, James Cameron, the ancient Greeks, Walt Disney, John Lennon, Shakespeare, Alexander Bell, Christopher Columbus, Beethoven
Упражнение 10.
Переведите на русский язык .
1. The box must be taken to the station.
2. The river can be crossed on a raft.
3. The building of the house can be finished very soon.
4. The books must be returned in two days.
5. Three of these exercises must be done tomorrow.
6. The book you need can be found in any library.
7. The letters must be sent at once.
8. This mistake can be easily everywhere.
9. The doctor says she must be taken to the hospital.
10. Even the tallest trees can be climbed by monkeys.
Упражнение 11.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Passive Indefinite после модальных глаголов.
1. Руки надо мыть перед каждой едой.
2. Комнаты нужно регулярно проветривать.
3. Кошку надо кормить рыбой.
4. Собаку можно кормить мясом и овощами.
5. Ребенку надо давать фрукты.
6. Книги надо положить в шкаф.
7. Эту картину можно повесить над камином.
8. Как можно перевести это слово?
9. На что нужно обратить внимание?
10. Нужно записать твой номер телефона.
Упражнение 12.
Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие, соответственно изменяя структуру предложения.
Например: 1. The room was cleaned and aired. – Olga cleaned and aired the room.
2. Have all these books been read?
3. Whom were these letters written by?
4. The letter has just been typed.
5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband.
6. I shall not be allowed to go there.
7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now.
8. All the questions must be answered.
9. The door has been left open.
10. When will these books be returned to the library?
Ex. 5. Замените действительный залог страдательным. Many people attended this lecture. He will leave the ticket on the table. People speak English in
many countries. An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. They grow bananas in Africa. Chemists purify water in different ways. Computers process information. The teacher gave the student much work. They invented photography in the 1840s. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people. They have sent for the doctor. They show films at the cinema. She will deliver a lecture tomorrow. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. The Chinese invented paper.
This lecture was attended by many people.
The ticket will be left on the table.
English is spoken in many countries.
President Abraham Lincoln was killed by an actor.
Bananas are grown in Africa.
water is purified in different ways.
Information is processed by computers.
The student was given much work by the teacher.
Photography was invented in the 1840s.
The Statue of Liberty was given to the American people by the French government.
The doctor has been sent for.
Films are shown at the cinema.
A lecture will be delivered tomorrow.
Penicilling was discovered by Fleming in 1928.
Paper was invented by the Chinese.
This lecture was attended by many people.
The ticket will be left on the table.
English is spoken in many countries.
President Abraham Lincoln was killed by an actor.
Bananas are grown in Africa.
water is purified in different ways.
Information is processed by computers.
The student was given much work by the teacher.
Photography was invented in the 1840s.
The Statue of Liberty was given to the American people by the French government.
The doctor has been sent for.
Films are shown at the cinema.
A lecture will be delivered tomorrow.
Penicilling was discovered by Fleming in 1928.
Paper was invented by the Chinese.
Другие вопросы из категории
feel like laughing , relaxing and having a good time.
3) How many people live in London and Moscow together?
4) How many people live in your city?
with _________, at tea-time (around five oclock), with dinner and finally just before bed. For centuries now, tea has been the _________ drink of Great Britain. Nowadays, people have "tea breaks" at work, even if they _________ coffee or Cola. Many people call the main evening _______ "tea", even if they drink juice or mineral water with it. When someone is ______ or sad, the British say they need tea and sympathy. In fact, tea is the best treatment for all sorts of problems and troubles _______ pills and tablets. 1. Do you like tea? ______________ 2. When do you have tea? ________________________ 3. What do you prefer to drink tea with?________________________
Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным, обращая внимание на времена группы Continuous (A), Perfect (B).
The students are taking examinations in the next room. (A)
At seven o'clock, when you telephoned, I was reading the newspaper.
They were discussing this problem when we came in.
The students had translated the text before the bell rang. (B)
She had finished her work by this time yesterday.
They will have built a new house in our street by the end of the year.
If you well know language that work as the abroad excellent practice in language. We you will get acquainted there with a great number of people, you will find to yourself new friends. The good salary.Вы is possible you can to develop, study to itself culture of that country to which you go to work and learn a lot of the new. But you can face some problems.Могут to arise problems of communication with foreigners, to you can the unusual food won't be pleasant. When you will arrive the abroad you will be far from the family and friends, you will miss them. To you it will be unusual in other country after all there other customs and customs, ва it is necessary to get used long
But if you decided to go to work abroad, good luck!
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Пассивный залог
4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.
5. His new book (to finish) next year.
6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
8. Bread (to eat) every day.
9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.
Ex. 4 Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы:
A lot of houses (построено) in Moscow.
When (было написано) this letter?
Many places of interest (посещаются) by tourists.
When (была переведена) this article?
Ex. 5 Замените действительный залог страдательным.
Many people attended this lecture.
He will leave the ticket on the table.
People speak English in many countries.
An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln.
They grow bananas in Africa.
Chemists purify water in different ways.
Irene's husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south.
The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview.
Mr. Wilson will teach you English.
The doctor ordered me a month's rest from studying.
Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday.
Our mother tells us stories every evening.
Lydia will show you a new book of pictures.
A boy showed her the way.
They will send us a box of fruit.
Five or six small children followed them.
Ex. 7 Поставьте выделенные глаголы в Passive Voice, внеся необходимые изменения в предложения.
1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at last she wrote it.
3. Why weren't you at the birthday party? — They didn't invite me.
4. We met many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time.
5. We shall leave you behind if you are not quick.
Ex. 8. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice.
1. The room was cleaned and aired. 3. Whom were these letters written by? 5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be allowed to go there. 10. Betty was met at the station. 11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert. 13. The chicken was eaten with appetite.
Ex 9. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.
1. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to undertand) by all of us.
2. The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody.
3. I hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody.
4. The letter (to post) in half an hour.
5. It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room.
6. At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team.
7. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived.
8. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters.
Ex. 10. Выберите глаголы в действительном или страдательном залоге.
Much attention (is devoted /devotes) to the development of this science.
The architect (was built / built) many beautiful bridges in town.
They (study/are studied) the properties of this material.
He (influenced / was influenced) by his friends.
He (reconstructed/was reconstructed) an old church in our town.
He (was caught/caught) by police yesterday.
The manager (gave/was given) an interesting work by the President.
A beautiful cathedral (built/was built) in our town in the 11 century.
Ex. 11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice.
1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.
2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
3. He (to give) me this book next week.
4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation.
V. Замените действительный залог страдательным.
Для правильного выполнения заданий контрольной работы №2 необходимо изучить следующие разделы курса английского языка:
1) видовременные формы глагола:
а) Present, Past, Future Perfect;
б) Употребление времен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect в страдательном залоге;
2) особенности перевода страдательных конструкций на русский язык.
Вариант 2
I. Употребить Perfect, Pest или Future Perfect.
- When we came into the hall the concert already (to finish).
When we came into the hall the concert had already finished .
- We (to discuss) just the problems of social relations.
We have just discussed the problems of social relations.
- I (to graduate) from a college before I entered the Institute.
I had graduated from a college before I entered the Institute.
- They (to construct) a great number of new buildings by the end of the year.
They will have constructed a great number of new buildings by the end of the year.
- He apologized because he (to cause) so much trouble.
He apologized because he had caused so much trouble.
- I hope I (to receive) a reply by tomorrow.
I hope I `ll have received a reply by tomorrow.
- You ever (to visit) Great Britain?
Have you ever visited Great Britain?
- This famous laboratory always (to play) an outstanding role in training physicists.
This famous laboratory has been always played an outstanding role in training physicists.
- He remembered that he (to be) at that plant before.
He remembered that he had been at that plant before.
- I cannot deliver a lecture now as I (to leave) my papers at the office.
I cannot deliver a lecture now as I have left my papers at the office.
II. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.
1. The engineer had got new instructions by the end of the month.
The engineer had not got new instructions by the end of the month.
Had the engineer got new instructions by the end of the month ?
2. We will have completed our research work by next month.
We will not have completed our research work by next month.
Will we have completed our research work by next month ?
3. He has known this famous actor for many years.
He has not known this famous actor for many years.
Has he known this famous actor for many years ?
4. I had given him the explanation before he began his work.
I had not given him the explanation before he began his work.
Had I given him the explanation before he began his work ?
5. The competition will have been over by noon tomorrow.
The competition will not have been over by noon tomorrow.
Will the competition have been over by noon tomorrow ?
III. Открыть скобки и употребить Past Indefinite или Present Perfect.
- They already (to arrive) at the station.
They have already arrived at the station.
- He (to set) up his own business last year.
He set up his own business last year.
- We never (to see) the Queen.
We have never seen the Queen.
- Recently the plant (to produce) a new model of cars.
The plant has produced a new model of cars recently.
- The examination just (to begin).
The examination has just begun.
- Last year they (to invent) a new device.
They invented a new device last year.
- This month the students (to attend) all classes.
This month the students have attended all classes.
- Thomas Edison (to make) the first machine with moving pictures in 1891.
Thomas Edison made the first machine with moving pictures in 1891.
- Last term we (to study) general educational subjects.
Last term we studied general educational subjects.
- I (to begin) already testing the engine.
I have begun already testing the engine.
IV. Переведите предложение со сказуемым в страдательном залоге и определите форму глагола-сказуемого.
- They will be given much work.
Им дадут много работы.
- The discovery of electron was followed by new discoveries.
Новые открытия повлекли за собой открытие электрона.
- They were told many interesting facts about this new project.
Им рассказали много интересных фактов об этом новом проекте.
- The monitors of all groups have just been sent for.
От всех групп только что были отправлены наблюдатели.
- This old house will have been destroyed by next week.
Этот старый дом будет разрушен к следующему году.
- Everybody has been asked many questions.
Каждому задали много вопросов.
- Our laboratory had been provided with new equipment by 2001.
Наша лаборатория будет оснащена новым оборудованием к 2001г.
- The report was being discussed the whole evening.
Доклад обсуждался весь вечер.
- This picture is often looked at.
На эту картину часто смотрят.
- The prices have been influenced by inflation recently.
Цены находились под влиянием инфляции последнее время
V. Замените действительный залог страдательным.
1. They invented photography in the 1840s.
Photography was invented in the 1840s.
2. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.
The American people was given the Statue of Liberty by the French government.
Замените действительный залог страдательным. А) 1. Many people attend the lecture.
Замените действительный залог страдательным. А) 1. Many people attend the lecture. 2. Someone has eaten the cake. 3. He will leave the ticket on the table. 4. They were discussing the report the whole evening. 5. People speak English in many countries. 6. Snow will cover the fields in winter. 7. Everyone can see the film soon. 8. The gardener has planted some apple –trees. 9. His parents have bought him a new bicycle. 10. They will advertise the product on TV. В) 1. An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. 2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone. 3. The Chinese invented paper. 4. They invented photography. 5. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people. 6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal mausoleum for his wife who died in 1631. 7. They make Volkswagen cars in Germany. 8. Columbus discovered America. 9. Fleming discovered penicillin. 10. They talked much about that problem.
А) 1. The lecture is attended by many people.
2. The cake has been eaten by someone.
3. The ticket will be left by him on the table.
4. The report was being discussed by them the whole evening.
5. English is spoken in many countries.
6. The fields will be covered with snow in winter.
7. The film can be seen by everyone soon.
8. Some apple–trees have been planted by the gardener.
9. He has been bought a new bicycle by his parents.
10. The product will be advertised on TV.
В) 1. President Abraham Lincoln was killed by an actor.
2. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
3. Paper was invented by the Chinese.
4. Photography was invented by them.
5. The Statue of Liberty was given to the American people by the French government.
6. The Taj Mahal mausoleum was built by Shah Jahan for his wife who died in 1631.
7. Volkswagen cars are made in Germany.
8. America was discovered by Columbus.
9. Penicillin was discovered by Fleming.
10. That problem was talked much about by them.
Изменение действительного залога в страдательный залог. Active and Passive voice грамматика. Способы перевода пассивного залога на русский язык.
В этой статье мы научимся трансформировать предложения с активного в пассивный залог. Подробно разберем действительный и страдательный залог в английском языке.
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Как изменить активный залог в пассивный
Пожалуй, мы начнем именно с этого пункта. Рассмотрим страдательный залог в английском языке правило, которое научит нас менять active voice в passive voice.
- 1. Разберем на примере.
Дополнение или object активного залога становится подлежащем во втором примере. Активный глагол становится страдательным и подлежащее активного залога становится agent (тот, кто совершает действие), который представлен предлогом ‘by’ или же его можно опустить – The new school was opened.
- 2. В страдательном залоге мы используем такую форму: by + agent , чтобы сказать, кто или что сделал действие. Мы используем with + instrument или material , чтобы выразить какой инструмент или материал agent применял.
На примерах будет понятнее:
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- 3. С глаголами, у которых два дополнения, лучше всего начинать пассивное предложение с лица.
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В пассивном предложение первым, что мы используем это имя человека, так как это употребляется чаще и звучит лучше, чем так:
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– A job was offered to Tom.
Но такую форму тоже можно использовать.
- 4. Мы используем agent, то есть тот, кто совершает действие, в пассиве, только если он добавляет информацию. Когда объект неизвестен, неважен или очевиден из контекста, он опускается. Такие как: someone, I, you, people etc.
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- 5. Глаголы make, hear, help, see после них в пассиве следует to-infinitive:
- 6. Глаголы believe, expect, hope, feel, report, know, say, think etc. могут быть использованы в следующих пассивных формах:
- 7. Модальные глаголы в пассивном залоге в английском языке (will, can, may etс.) используются по такой формуле: be + past participle,-ed или have been + past participle,-ed .
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- 8. В страдательных вопросах с who, whom, which не опускается предлог ‘by’:
- 9. Глаголы, за которыми следует предлог (look after, accuse smb of etc.), в пассивных предложениях после них сохраняется предлог:
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Как распознать активный и пассивный залоги
- 1. Смотрите на расположение подлежащего.
В большинстве предложениях, вы можете проверить действительный залог, глядя на подлежащее или существительное, которое выполняет действие. Каждое предложение имеет действие; кто делает это действие? Если первое существительное в предложении выполняет действие, оно обычно активно.
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Взглянем на пример:
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Взглянем на другой пример:
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- 2. Ищем глагол to be и предлог by.
Большинство пассивных предложений имеют схожую структуру. Вместо того чтобы использовать различные времена и структуры глаголов, они почти всегда применяют to be + by. Глагол to be включает в себя: be, being, been, am, is, are, was, and were. Это спряжение глагола нужно запомнить.
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Давайте посмотрим на предыдущий пример с учителем и книгой.
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Еще похожие примеры:
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- 3. Ищем глагол to be + причастие прошедшего времени.
В некоторых страдательных предложениях предлог by не используется:
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Несмотря на то, что в предложении не используется предлог by, оно стоит в пассивном залоге.
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Пассивный залог в английском языке примеры:
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Как изменить пассивный залог в активный
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Пассивная структура имеет предлог by. Нам нужно убрать предлог и Тома поставить на первое место:
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Активный залог в английском является самым простым и понятным способом, чтобы дать информацию о действии или исполнители. Он также наиболее часто используется в английском языке.
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Активный и пассивный залог в английском языке таблица
Active voice таблица + passive voice для сравнения. Хотим предупредить, что в этой таблицы нет такой формы как present perfect continuous passive voice, так как такой формы нет, и не будет и даже не стоит ждать. В таблице имеются: future passive voice, present passive voice, past simple passive voice в сравнение активных форм типа present simple active voice и так далее.
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Сравнивайте на здоровье!
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Все таблицы всех аспектов можно прочитать в статье образование пассивного залога.
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Способы перевода пассивных оборотов на русский язык
The passive voice правило полезно для того, чтобы обогатить свою речь, а еще лучше, когда имеешь понятие, как перевести пассивный оборот на русский язык. Согласитесь, что парой бывают моменты, когда читаешь предложение на английском, его трудно перевести на русский, хотя совершенно понятно, о чем в нем написано. Есть несколько важных способов перевода пассивных оборотов на русский язык, из которых главными считаются следующие:
- a) причастие страдательного залога в краткой форе;
- b) возвратный глагол, оканчивающийся на -ся;
- c) глагол действительного залога в третьем лице множественного числа с неопределенным значением.
Пример: -The results of the test are discussed .
- 1. Результаты теста обсуждаются.
- 2. Результаты теста обсуждают.
В отличие от русского языка, в английском подлежащим пассивного оборота может быть не только прямое дополнение страдательного залога, но и косвенное дополнение. Например:
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Ранее мы говорили о глаголах, которые употребляются по двум формулам. Такие пассивные обороты типа It is known, it is said, it is believed, it is expected etc., которые переводятся на русский безличными или неопределенно-личными формами, такими как известно, говорят, ожидают и так далее.
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Passive and Active voice в письменной речи
В письменной форме active voice в английском языке имеет тенденцию делать стиль более жестким и личным, и позволяет вводить действие раньше в предложениях.
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В принципе, нет правильного или неправильного, и выбор между использованием активного или пассивного залога в письменной форме является вопросом стиля.
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Passive voice test
Переделайте следующие предложения в passive voice, а также сделайть упражнения на passive voice с модальными глаголами.
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Если вы нашли ошибку, пожалуйста, выделите фрагмент текста и нажмите Ctrl+Enter.
Замените действительный залог страдательным?
4. They were discussing the report the whole evening.
5. People speak English in many countries.
6. Snow will cover the fields in winter.
7. Everyone can see the film soon.
8. The gardener has planted some apple –trees.
9. His parents have bought him a new bicycle.
10. They will advertise the product on TV.
An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln.
2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone.
3. The Chinese invented paper.
4. They invented photography.
5. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.
6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal mausoleum for his wife who died in 1631.
7. They make Volkswagen cars in Germany.
8. Columbus discovered America.
9. Fleming discovered penicillin.
10. They talked much about that problem.
The lecture is attended by many people.
2. The cake has been eaten by someone.
3. The ticket will be left on the table by him.
4. The report was being discussed the whole evening by them.
5. English is spoken in many countries by many people.
6. The fields will be covered with snow in winter.
7. The film can be soon seen by everyone.
8. Some apple - trees have been planted by gardener.
9. A new bicycle has been bought him by his parents.
10. The product will be advertised by them on TV.
President Abraham Lincoln was killed by an actor.
2. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
3. Paper was invented by the Chinese.
4. Photography was invented by them.
5. The Statue of Liberty was given to the American people by the French government.
6. The Taj Mahal mausoleum was built by Shah Jahan for his wife who died in 1631.
7. Volkswagen cars are made in Germany .
8. America was discovered by Columbus.
9. Penicillin was discovered by Fleming.
10. That problem was much talked about by them.
V. Замените действительный залог страдательным?
V. Замените действительный залог страдательным.
1. They invented photography in the 1840s.
2. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.
3. They have sent for the doctor.
4. The students are decorating the hall.
5. They show films at the cinema.
6. They will have completed the construction by that time.
7. She will deliver a lecture tomorrow.
8. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
9. Tourists have already taken pictures of this monument.
10. The Chinese invented paper.
Напишите предложения в пассивной речи?
Напишите предложения в пассивной речи!
1. They speak English and French in Canada.
2. People invented surfing a very long time ago.
3. They gathered the harvest in October.
4. We will tell you the results of the test.
5. They will play ten matches next season.
6. People make jams from different fruits.
7. The doctor will cure his patient by all means.
V. Замените действительный залог страдательным?
V. Замените действительный залог страдательным.
1. They invented photography in the 1840s.
2. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.
3. They have sent for the doctor.
4. The students are decorating the hall.
5. They show films at the cinema.
6. They will have completed the construction by that time.
7. She will deliver a lecture tomorrow.
8. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
9. Tourists have already taken pictures of this monument.
10. The Chinese invented paper.
1. Who invented paper?
1. Who invented paper?
A) the Chinese b) the Japanese c) the English
Who invented the alphabet?
A) the Jews (евреи) b) the Greeks c) the Egyptians
Who invented ink?
A) the Egyptians and the Chinese b) the Chinese c) the Arabs
Who first sent private letters from one person to another?
A) the Greeks b) the Egyptians c) the Romans
Who invented the stamp?
A) the English b) the Russians c) the Americans
Who invented the telephone?
A) Telephone b) Popov c) Alexander Graham Bell
Who invented the telegraph?
A) Alexander Graham Bell b) Samuel Morse c) Mary Telegraph
Who invented the e - mail?
A) the Americans b) the Russians c) the Germans
Ответь на вопросы только верно!
Change Active into Passive?
Change Active into Passive.
1. The garderner has planted some trees.
2. Someone has broken the vase.
3. They have bought a new car recently.
4. She has read many books on astronomy and so she really knows the subject.
5. Nobody has discovered a cure for the common cold yet.
6. The doctor has prescribed her some medecine for the flu.
7. A famous designer will decorate the hotel.
8. Da Viaci painted the Mona Liza.
9. They grow bananas in Africa.
10. He invited 30 people to his party.
11. The arehitect boilt this church 1957.
12. The policeman has arrested the thief.
13. The qoeen will open a new library.
14. Some people saw on UFO in the sky above London last night.
15. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
Замените действительный залог страдательным.
Many people attended this lecture.
He will leave the ticket on the table.
People speak English in many countries.
An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln.
They grow bananas in Africa.
Chemists purify water in different ways.
Computers process information.
The teacher gave the student much work.
They invented photography in the 1840s.
The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.
They have sent for the doctor.
They show films at the cinema.
She will deliver a lecture tomorrow.
Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
The Chinese invented paper.
Answer : true, false or no information1?
Answer : true, false or no information
People couldn't communicate before they invented the alphabet.
2. In the ancient world people also had big, fast communication networks.
3. Marathon is the name of a place in ancient Greece.
4. In medieval times people used the telegraph.
5. The American Indians used smoke signals because they couldn't read or write.
6. People invented the post in the 19th century.
7. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
8. In the 19th century people used Morse code for the telegraph.
В страдательный залог The gardener is planting trees now?
В страдательный залог The gardener is planting trees now.
The students will write the report tomorrow.
They have cleaned this garage.
They will give a lot of many for the picture.
They export this computer to many countries .
They built the Eiffel Tower in 1899.
Преобразуйте предложения в страдательный залог?
Преобразуйте предложения в страдательный залог.
1. The gardener has watered the flowers.
2. They speak English in the USA.
3. Bell invented the telephone.
4. You can use this machine for cutting cheese.
5. He sent her some roses.
6. The police arrested him.
7. The Queen opened the new library.
8. He kept the animal in the cage.
9. He painted the walls yesterday.
10. Baird invented TV.
The statue of Liberty?
The statue of Liberty.
One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbor.
This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty.
The Statue of Liberty is a woman who holds a torch up high.
Visitors can go inside the statue.
The statue is so large that as many as twelve people can stand inside the torch.
Many more people can stand in other parts of the statue.
The statue weighs 225 tons and 301 feet tall.
The Statue of Liberty was put up in 1886.
It was a gift to the United States from the people of France.
Over the years France and United States had a special relationship.
In 1776 France helped the American colonies gain independence from England.
The French wanted to do something special for the U.
S. centennial, its 100 birthday.
Laboulaye was a well - known Frenchman who admired the United States.
One night at a dinner in his house, Laboulaye talked about the idea of gift.
Amond Laboulayes guests was the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi.
Bartholdi thought of a statue of liberty.
He offered to design the statue.
Many people contributed in some way.
The French people gave money for the statue.
Americans designed and built the pedestal for the statue to stand on.
The American people raised money to pay for the pedestal.
The French engineer Alexander Eiffel, who was famous for his Eiffel Tower in Paris, figured out how to make the heavy statue stand.
In the years after the statue was put up, many immigrants came to the United States through New York.
As they entered New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch.
She symbolized a welcome to a land of freedom
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Будьте поэтом! Прочитайте и закончите.
Будь поэтом! Прочитай и закончи. (задания нет, сделать не смогу, а если даш мне текст что то и сделаю).
When we want to buy something, we go to a shop or a supermarket. Every day before leaving for school I look around the kitchen to see what we need. And on my way from school I drop into the nearest supermarket, fortunately enough it’s not far from ..
C)A man артикль a указывает просто на мужчину, а не конкретно на кого - то.
Один - one Два - two Три - three Четыре - four Пять - five Шесть - six Семь - seven Восемь - eight Девять - nine Десять - ten.
One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve.
1)name 2)IS ВРОДЕ ТАК.
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